Abstract
Melanism is a phenotypic variation characterized by an excess of dark pigmentation in the skin and fur of animals, resulting from a protein mutation. This coloration pattern has been observed in many species, including wild felids. In this study, we present new records of melanism in Leopardus pardinoides obtained through camera traps in the Western Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. Additionally, we report the first documented case of melanism in this species in the scientific literature for the department of Valle del Cauca.
References
Bedoya-Durán M.J., O.E. Murillo-García y L.C. Branch. 2021. Factors outside privately protected areas determine mammal assemblages in a global biodiversity hotspot in the Andes. Global Ecology and Conservation, 2021; 32. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01921]
Bonilla-Sánchez, A., C. Charão Sartor, L. Fox-Rosales, et al. 2024. Ecological niche modeling of the Leopardus tigrinus complex sheds light on its elusive evolutionary history, Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 105, Issue 5, October 2024, Pages 953–964. [https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyae074]
Cáceres-Martínez, C.H., J.G. Zamora-Abrego Y J.F. González-Maya. 2023. Noteworthy record of melanism in Leopardus tigrinus from El Cocuy National Natural Park, Colombia. Therya Notes, 4, 84-88. [https://doi.org/10.12933/therya_notes-23-111]
Cepeda-Duque, J.C., G. Andrade-Ponce, A. Montes-Rojas, et al. 2023. Assessing microhabitat, landscape features and intraguild relationships in the occupancy of the enigmatic and threatened Andean tiger cat (Leopardus tigrinus pardinoides) in the cloud forests of northwestern Colombia. PLoS ONE 18(7). [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288247]
Cepeda-Duque, J.C., E. Arango-Correa, V. López-Velasco, et al. 2024. Avoiding the enemy while searching for dinner: Understanding the temporal niche of the threatened clouded tiger-cat in protected cloud forests of the Middle Cauca, Colombia. Food Webs, 42(2025)e00385. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00385]
Eizirik, E., N. Yuhki, W.E. Johnson, M. Menotti-Raymond, S. Hannah y S. O’Brien. 2003. Molecular genetics and evolution of melanism in the cat family. Current Biology, 13: 448–453. PMID: 12620197
Gonzalez-Maya, J.F., y J. Schipper, 2008. A high-elevation report of oncilla in Mesoamerica. Cat News 49: 33.
González-Maya, J.F., A. Arias-Alzate, R. Granados-Peña, D. Gómez-Hoyos, J. Schipper, M. Manjarrés-Morrón y G. Manjarrés. 2018. Margays also hide their spots: first records of melanistic Leopardus wiedii from Colombia and Costa Rica. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 89:587-589. [https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2018.2.1921]
González-Maya, J.F., D,A., Zarrate-charry, A, Arias-Alzate, et al. (2022). Spotting what’s important: Priority areas, connectivity, and conservation of the Northern Tiger Cat (Leopardus tigrinus) in Colombia. PLoS ONE 17, e0273750. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273750]
Graipel, M.E., L. Oliveira-Santos, F. Goulart, M. Tortato, P. Miller y N,C. Cáceres. 2014. The role of melanism in oncillas on the temporal segregation of nocturnal activity. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 74(3): 142-145. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.14312]
Graipel, M.E., J,A. Bogoni, E,L. Giehl, F,O. Cerezer, NC. Cáceres y E. Eizirik. 2019. Melanism evolution in the cat family is influenced by intraspecific communication under low visibility. PLoS ONE 14(12): e0226136. [https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0226136]
Jimenéz-Alvarado, J., C. Moreno, A. Alfonso, A. Giordano, I. Vela-Vargas, D. Gómez y J.F. González-Maya. 2017. Ciudades biodiversas. Mamíferos medianos de la Reserva Forestal Protectora Bosque Oriental de Bogotá D. C., Colombia. Mammalogy notes 4(1): 36-41. https://doi.org/10.47603/manovol4n1.37-41
Johnson W,E., J. Pecon-Slattery, E. Eizirik, et al. 1999. Disparate phylogeographic patterns of molecular genetic variation in four closely related South American small cat species. Molecular Ecology 8(12 Suppl 1):S79–S94. [https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00796.x]
Kitchener, A.C., C.h. Breitenmoser-Wursten, E. Eizirik, et al. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11, 80 pp.
Marocco, J., A. Favretto, O. Junior y D. Ticiani, 2021. New record of melanism in Southern Tigrina Leopardus Guttulus (Carnivora, Felidae): A recently recognized and threatened species. Revista de Biología Neotropical, 18(2),:77-82.
Lescroart, J., Bonilla-Sánchez, A., Napolitano, C., et al. 2023. Extensive Phylogenomic Discordance and the Complex Evolutionary History of the Neotropical Cat Genus Leopardus. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 40(12): Msad255 [https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msad255]
Lucherini, M., J. Reppucci, R. Walker, et al. (2009). Actvity patterns segregation of carnivores in the high Andes. Journal of Mammalogy, 90(6): 1404-1409.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (2024): Lista de especies silvestres amenazadas de la diversidad biológica continental y marino-costera de Colombia - Resolución 0126 de 2024 expedida por el Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. v1.0. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible - MADS. Dataset/Checklist. [https://doi.org/10.15472/frowz3]
Nascimento, F.O., y A. Feijó, 2017. Taxonomic revisión of the tigrina Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) species group (Carnivora, Felidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 57(19):231-264.
Nivelo-Villavicencio, C., Y F. Rodas-López,.2021. Registros de melanismo en Leopardus tigrinus (Carnivora:Felidae) al sur de Ecuador. Mammalia aequatorialis, 3:81-84.
Oliveira, T., M. Torato, L. Bonjone, C. Bueno y B. De mello. 2014. Avaliação do risco de extinção do Gato-do-mato Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) no Brasil. Biodiversidade Brasileira, 3(1): 56-65.
Oliveira, T.G., L. Fox-Rosales, J.D. Ramírez-Fernández, et al. 2024. Ecological modeling, biogeography, and phenotypic analyses setting the tiger cats’ hyperdimensional niches reveal a new species. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Artículo 2395. [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52379-8]
Payan Garrido, E., M. Fonseca Aldana, E. Bravo Henao, O. Moreno-Foglia, A. Mejía González, y C. Valderrama Vásquez. 2015. Plan de acción para la conservación de los felinos en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia (2016-2019). Panthera Colombia y Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia. 70 pp.
Payan, E., y J.F. González-Maya. 2011. Distribución geográfica de la Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) en Colombia e implicaciones para su conservación. Revista Latinoamericana de Conservación, 2: 51-59.
Payan, E., y T. de Oliveira. 2016. Leopardus tigrinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T54012637A50653881. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T54012637A50653881.en
Ramírez-Chaves, H.E., N.G. Leuro-Robles, A. Castaño-Rivera, et al. 2024: Mamíferos de Colombia. v1.14. Sociedad Colombiana de Mastozoología. Dataset/Checklist. [https://doi.org/10.15472/kl1whs]
Ramírez-Mejía, A., Y F. Sánchez. 2015. Non-volant mammals in a protected area on the Central Andes of Colombia: new records for the Caldas department and the Chinchiná River basin. Check list. The journal of biodiversity data, 11(2): 1-6. [https://doi.org/10.15560/11.2.1582]
Rodríguez-Mahecha, J., M. Alberico, F. Trujillo y J. Jorgenson. 2006. Libro Rojo de los Mamíferos de Colombia. Serie Libros Rojos de Especies Amenazadas de Colombia. Conservación Internacional Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales – Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. Bogotá, Colombia.
Rubio-Gutiérrez, I.C., y L.M. Guevara-Chumacero. 2017. Variación en la coloración y los patrones del pelaje en los felinos. Investigación y Ciencia 25:94-101.
Sánchez-Medina, 2023. Mamíferos medianos y grandes (Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758) asociados a la vía Paletará-Isnos en el Parque Nacional Natural Puracé, Suroccidente Colombiano. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Cauca.
Schneider, A., C. Henegar, K. Day, et al. 2015. Recurrent Evolution of Melanism in South American Felids. PLoS Genet 10(2): e1004892. [doi:10.1371/journal. pgen.1004892]
Sunquist, M.E., y F.C Sunquist. 2002. Wild Cats of the World. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press. 452p.
Tischendorf, J.W., y D.F. McAlpine. 1995. A melanistic bobcat from outside florida. Florida Field Naturalist, 23, 13–14.
Trigo T.C., A,. Schneider, T.G. de Oliveira, L.M. Lehugeur, L. Silveira, R.O, Freitas y E. Eizirik. 2013. Molecular data reveal complex hybridization and a cryptic species of Neotropical wild cat. Current Biology 23(24):2528–2533. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.046]
Wang, E. 2002. Diets of Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), Margays (L. wiedii), and Oncillas (L. tigrinus) in the Atlantic Rainforest in Southeast Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 37(3): 207-212. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/snfe.37.3.207.8564]
Wozencraft W.C. 2005. Order Carnivora. En: Mammal species of the world. A taxonomic and geographic reference (3rd ed.). Wilson D. E. & Reeder D. M. (Eds). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp. 532-628.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO
